Agostinho, Gavarró & Santos (2024). The acquisition of the verbal passive: The role of verb type

Autors:

Celina Agostinho, Anna Gavarró i Ana Lúcia Santos

Títol:

The acquisition of the verbal passive: The role of verb type

Editorial: Language Acquisition (Routledge)
Data de publicació: Abril del 2024
Pàgines: 22

Text complet

This study examines the comprehension of verbal passives by children acquiring European Portuguese, in particular with respect to the predictions of the Universal Phase Requirement (UPR) and the Universal Freezing Hypothesis (UFH) regarding children’s performance with different types of predicates. Both hypotheses entail the prediction that children perform better with passives of predicates that encode a result state, either because they tend to make better adjectival passives or because they have a complex event structure. Moreover, the UPR predicts poorer performance with long passives (i.e., those with a by-phrase) than with short passives, to the extent that construing an adjectival interpretation is more difficult when a by- phrase is present; the UFH predicts no difference between the two. Portuguese-speaking children between the ages of 3 and 8 years were tested on their comprehension of verbal passives of non-actional predicates and actional predicates with or without a result state, using two sentence-picture matching tasks. The results do not entirely fulfill the predictions of the UPR and the UFH: we replicate the delay seen in English with non-actional predicates, but no effect of the result state is seen in the case of actional predicates. We propose that the relevant aspectual property of the passi-vized predicate may be affectedness rather than the availability of a result state.

Recasens (2024). The Effect of Manner of Articulation and Syllable Affiliation on Tongue Configuration for Catalan Stop-Liquid and Liquid-Stop Sequences: An Ultrasound Study

Autors:

Daniel Recasens

Títol:

The Effect of Manner of Articulation and Syllable Affiliation on Tongue Configuration for Catalan Stop-Liquid and Liquid-Stop Sequences: An Ultrasound Study

Editorial: Languages, MDPI
Data de publicació: 27 juny 2024

Text complet

The present study reports tongue configuration data recorded with ultrasound for two sets of consonant sequences uttered by five native Catalan speakers. Articulatory data for the onset cluster pairs [kl]-[ɣl] and [kɾ]-[ɣɾ], and also for [l#k]-[l#ɣ] and [r#k]-[r#ɣ], analyzed in the first part of the investigation revealed that, as a general rule, the (shorter) velar approximant is less constricted than the (longer) voiceless velar stop at the velar and palatal zones while exhibiting a more retracted tongue body at the pharynx. These manner of articulation-dependent differences may extend into the preceding liquid. Data for [k#l]-[kl] and [k#r]-[kɾ] dealt with in the second part of the study show that the velar is articulated with more tongue body retraction for [k#l] vs. [kl] and for [k#r] vs. [kɾ], and with a higher tongue dorsum for [k#l] vs. [kl] and the reverse for [k#r] vs. [kɾ]. Therefore, clusters are produced with a more extreme lingual configuration across a word boundary than in syllable-onset position, which at least in part may be predicted by segmental factors for the [k#r]-[kɾ] pair. These articulatory data are compared with duration data for all sequence pairs.

Leivada, Fritz & Dentella (2024). Reply to Hu et al: Applying different evaluation standards to humans vs. Large Language Models overestimates AI performance

Autors:

Evelina Leivada, Fritz Günther & Vittoria Dentella

Títol:

Reply to Hu et al: Applying different evaluation standards to humans vs. Large Language Models overestimates AI performance

Editorial: PNAS 121(36), e2406752121 (National Academy of Sciences)
Data de publicació: 26 d'agost, 2024

Text complet

Dentella et al. (DGL) argued that 3 Large Language Models (LLMs) perform almost at chance in grammaticality judgment tasks, while revealing an absence of response stability (1). Hu et al.’s (HEA) “re-evaluation” led to different conclusions (2). HEA argue that i) “LLMs align with human judgments on key grammatical constructions,” ii) LLMs show “human-like grammatical generalization capabilities,” while iii) grammaticality judgments (GJs) are not the best evaluation method because they “systematically underestimate” these capabilities. While HEA’s aim to elucidate the abilities of LLMs is laudable, their claims are fraught with interpretative difficulties.

Fernández-Sánchez (2020). Right Peripheral Fragments. Right dislocation and related phenomena in Romance

Autors:

Javier Fernández Sánchez

Títol:

Right Peripheral Fragments

Editorial: John Benjamins
Data de publicació: Febrer del 2020
ISBN13: 9789027261694

Més informació

In recent years, a number of authors (De Vries 2009, Truckenbrodt 2015, Ott and de Vries 2016, inter alia) have defended that right dislocations (RD) should be treated as bisentential structures, where the “dislocated” constituent is actually a remnant of a clausal ellipsis operation licensed under identity with an antecedent clause. Although Romance RD is a fertile area of research, the consequences of the biclausal analysis remain unexplored in these languages. This monograph intends to fill this gap. Adopting this approach not only solves some issues that have always been at the core of dislocation structures in general; it also allows us to uncover novel sets of data and to provide straightforward explanations for well-known generalizations. Further, it brings RD along with a set of phenomena which are structurally very similar, like afterthoughts or split questions, which have been independently argued to display a bisentential structure. Under alternative, monoclausal approaches to RD, the striking similarities between these phenomena must be rendered anecdotal.

Fernández-Sánchez (2023). Spanish modal ellipsis is not null complement anaphora

Autors:

Javier Fernández Sánchez

Títol:

Spanish modal ellipsis is not null complement anaphora

Editorial: Linguistics (De Gruyter)
Data de publicació: Juny del 2023
Pàgines: 28

Text complet

Modal verbs are well-known to license ellipsis of their complements under certain conditions. In the literature on Spanish, such sequences, which I refer to as Modal Ellipsis (ME), have been traditionally argued to involve a null pronoun. These analyses therefore treat ME simply as an instance of Null Complement Anaphora (NCA). In this article, I scrutinize the data adduced in the literature on Spanish and defend that (i) ME in this language is different from NCA, and (ii) ME must involve PF-deletion of a TP node. Even though these claims are not new, I provide novel data in an attempt to clarify some of the controversial facts and claims that exist in the Spanish literature. In doing so, I strengthen the recent view of ME as a PF-deletion phenomenon.